Since the invention of “…”, JavaScript has never been the same and is the one of the core functionalities of functional programming. The “…” can either be called spread or rest depending on where and how it is being used. Let’s look at specific examples of when to use a…

An object literal is simply a plain old JavaScript object that consists of key-value pairs. In the tutorial we will learn how to create objects using object literal with examples. Object Literal Syntax The object literal notation is: Object literals can store complex values, numbers, strings, functions, and nested objects….

Immutability is a popular concept not just in JavaScript, but most programming languages in general. The reason behind this of course is functional programming which gives software developers a brand new paradigm to utilize when coding. Let’s dive into the details of mutability and immutability. What is Mutability? A mutable…

A large part of a programmer’s life will be spent using numbers. Luckily for us, the computer does most of the mental calculations. In this blog post, I will give an easy introduction to numbers in JavaScript and an in-depth look at how numbers work. Using Numbers in JavaScript In…

JavaScript is a weird language. We are all aware of this. But one of the biggest peculiarities is the concept of hoisting. Because hoisting is centered around variable declaration, it confuses beginners to no end. In this blog, I am going to give practical, real-world explanations of hoisting! Hoisting Introduction…

If you have every used any modern IDE like VSCode, you may be familiar with “Intellisense”. “Intellisense” is essentially a fancy tool that allows us to see what methods are available to us on an object. Because of prototypal inheritance, we get access to all of the awesome methods even…

Learning closures and how they work under the hood will greatly increase your ability to write JavaScript code. Before learning closures, it is important to have a good understanding of scope. What is Scope? Scope determines the accessibility or visibility of variables in JavaScript. There are three types of scope…

What is a higher order function? In JavaScript, a higher-order function is a function that takes one or more functions as arguments, or returns a function as output. These functions are a powerful feature of the language that allow you to write concise and expressive code. The best way to…

Seeing the term “first class citizen” is indeed intriguing at first, but most sucked into the rabbit hole of functional programming and leave with no real understanding of what first class citizens even do. In this blog, I’m going to provide practical knowledge of what you need to know and…